Administrative Privileges


Administrative privileges that are required for an administrator to perform basic database operations are granted through two special system privileges, SYSDBA and SYSOPER. You must have one of these privileges granted to you, depending upon the level of authorization you require.
The SYSDBA and SYSOPER system privileges allow access to a database instance even when the database is not open. Control of these privileges is totally outside of the database itself.
The SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges can also be thought of as types of connections that enable you to perform certain database operations for which privileges cannot be granted in any other fashion. For example, you if you have the SYSDBA privilege, you can connect to the database by specifying CONNECT AS SYSDBA.

SYSDBA and SYSOPER

SYSDBA               
  • Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations
  • ALTER DATABASE: open, mount, back up, or change character set
  • CREATE DATABASE
  • DROP DATABASE
  • CREATE SPFILE
  • ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG
  • ALTER DATABASE RECOVER
  • Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege

SYSOPER             
  • Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations
  • CREATE SPFILE
  • ALTER DATABASE OPEN/MOUNT/BACKUP
  • ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOGALTER DATABASE RECOVER (Complete recovery only. Any form of incomplete recovery, such as UNTIL TIME|CHANGE|CANCEL|CONTROLFILE requires connecting as SYSDBA.)
  • Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege

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