Abort Shutdown Of Oracle Database

If the normal and immediate shutdown options do not work, you can abort the current database instance. The shutdown abort command is pretty much a guaranteed way to get your database to shutdown. It’s a “hard crash” of the database, and this can result in a longer time to start the database back up. Still, you can’t really hurt the database using the shutdown abort command, and during your DBA years you will find more than a few occasions to use the shutdown abort command. Aborting an instance proceeds with the following conditions:

• Current SQL statements being processed by the Oracle server are immediately terminated. 
• Oracle does not wait for users currently connected to the database to disconnect. 
• Database and redo buffers are not written to disk. 
• Uncommitted transactions are not rolled back. 
• The instance is terminated without closing the files. 
• The database is not closed or dismounted. 
• The next startup requires instance recovery, which occurs automatically.

An example using the shutdown abort command:

SQL>shutdown abort

You should be connected to the database with SYSDBA privileges to perform startup

or shutdown.

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• Normal Shutdown
• Immediate Shutdown
• Transactional Shutdown

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Transactional Shutdown Of Oracle Database

A transactional shutdown prevents clients from losing work. A transactional database shutdown proceeds with the following conditions

• No new connections are allowed 
• No client can start a new transaction on this particular instance. 
• A client is disconnected when the client ends the transaction that is in progress. 
• When all transactions have finished, a shutdown immediately occurs. 
• The next startup does not require an instance recovery. 

The next startup of the database will not require any instance recovery procedures.


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Immediate Shutdown Of Oracle Database

Immediate database shutdown proceeds with the following conditions:

• Current SQL statements being processed by Oracle are not completed. 
• The Oracle server does not wait for users currently connected to the database to disconnect. 
• Oracle rolls back active transactions and disconnects all connected users. 
• Oracle closes and dismounts the database before shutting down the instance. 
• The next startup does not require an instance recovery. 
• The next startup of the database will not require any instance recovery procedures

 Use immediate database shutdown only in the following situations: 

• To initiate an automated and unattended backup 
• When a power shutdown is going to occur soon 
• When the database or one of its applications is functioning irregularly and you cannot contact users to ask them to log off or they are unable to log off 
• To shut down a database immediately, use the SHUTDOWN command with the IMMEDIATE option

Shutting down a database with the shutdown immediate command:

SQL>shutdown immediate

The shutdown immediate command will work most of the time, but there are times when it can hang and fail to shutdown the database. In these cases, the shutdown abort command is called for:

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Normal Shutdown Of Oracle Database

A normal shutdown of an Oracle database is actually rarely used. This is because the normal shutdown waits for everyone to complete their work. When a normal shutdown occurs, the database is closed in a normal manner, and all changes made in the database are flushed to the database datafiles.

SQL> shutdown

When you execute a shutdown, Oracle will flush all the changes in memory out to the database datafiles. This makes database startup quicker because the database is in a consistent state.

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Shutting Down Oracle Database

To initiate database shutdown, use the SQL*Plus SHUTDOWN command. Control is not returned to the session that initiates a database shutdown until shutdown is complete. The shutdown command comes in many forms.  Oracle has three shutdown modes:

* Normal (default) - waits for in-flight work to complete

* Immediate - terminates all sessions and does a rollback on all

* Abort - aborts all sessions, leaving current DML in need of rollback, de-allocates the SGA and terminates the background processes.

The "normal" and "immediate" modes can take a long time and many Oracle DBA's ensure a swift clean shutdown this way, aborting the sessions, re-starting to allow warmstart rollback of the aborted transactions, and a shutdown immediate to close cleanly:

SQL> shutdown abort

SQL> startup

SQL> shutdown immediate

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