A dynamic SGA implements an infrastructure that allows the SGA configuration to change without shutting down the instance. With the dynamic SGA infrastructure, the size of the buffer cache, the shared pool, the large pool, and the process-private memory can be changed without shutting down the instance. Oracle can start instances underconfigured and allow the instance to use more memory by growing the SGA components, up to a maximum of SGA_MAX_SIZE. If SGA_MAX_SIZE specified in the initialization parameter file is less than the sum of all components specified or defaulted at initialization time, then the setting in the initialization parameter file is ignored.
For optimal performance in most systems, the entire SGA should fit in real memory. If it does not, and if virtual memory is used to store parts of it, then overall database system performance can decrease dramatically, because portions of the SGA are paged (written to and read from disk) by the operating system. The amount of memory dedicated to all shared areas in the SGA also has performance impact.
The size of the SGA is determined by several initialization parameters. The following parameters most affect SGA size:
DB_CACHE_SIZE: The size of the cache of standard blocks.
LOG_BUFFER: The number of bytes allocated for the redo log buffer cache.
SHARED_POOL_SIZE: The size in bytes of the area devoted to shared SQL and PL/SQL.
LARGE_POOL_SIZE: The size of the large pool; the default is zero
JAVA_POOL_SIZE :- The size of the Java pool.
Dynamic SGA Granules
With dynamic SGA, the unit of allocation is called a granule. Components, such as the buffer cache, the shared pool, the java pool, and the large pool, allocate and free SGA space in units of granules. Oracle tracks SGA memory use in integral numbers of granules, by SGA component. All information about a granule is stored in a corresponding granule entry. Oracle maintains the state of each granule in the granule entry and the granule type.
Granule size is determined by total SGA size. On most platforms, the size of a granule is 4 MB if the total SGA size is less than 128 MB, and it is 16 MB for larger SGAs. There may be some platform dependency, for example, on 32-bit Windows NT, the granule size is 8 MB for SGAs larger than 128 MB.
The granule size that is currently being used for SGA can be viewed in the view
V$SGA_DYNAMIC_COMPONENTS. The same granule size is used for all dynamic components in the SGA.If you specify a size for a component that is not a multiple of granule size, then Oracle rounds the specified size up to the nearest multiple. For example, if the granule size is 4 MB and you specify
DB_CACHE_SIZE as 10 MB, you will actually be allocated 12 MB.Related post:
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